CO2 Electroreduction in Water with a Heterogenized C-Substituted Nickel Cyclam Catalyst.

Molecular catalysis for selective CO2 electroreduction into CO can be achieved with a variety of metal complexes. Their immobilization on cathodes is required for their practical implementation in electrolytic cells and can benefit from the advantages of a solid material such as easy separation of products and catalysts, efficient electron transfer to the catalyst, and high stability. However, this approach remains insufficiently explored up to now. Here, using an appropriate and original modification of the cyclam ligand, we report a novel [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complex which can be immobilized on carbon nanotubes. This material, once deposited on a gas diffusion layer, provides a novel electrode which is remarkably selective for CO2 electroreduction to CO, not only in organic solvents but also, more remarkably, in water, with faradic efficiencies for CO larger than 90% and current densities of 5-10 mA cm-2 during controlled potential electrolysis in H-cells.

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Nickel Cyclam for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2.

The exploitation of molecular catalysts for CO2 electrolysis requires their immobilization on the cathode of the electrolyzer. As an illustration of this approach, a Ni-cyclam complex with a cyclam derivative functionalized with a pyrene moiety is synthesized, found to be a selective catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to CO, and immobilized on a carbon nanotube-coated gas diffusion electrode by using a noncovalent binding strategy. The as-prepared electrode is efficient, selective, and robust for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. Very high turnover numbers (ca. 61460) and turnover frequencies (ca. 4.27 s-1 ) are enabled by the novel electrode material in organic solvent-water mixtures saturated with CO2 . This material provides an interesting platform for further improvement.

Immobilization of a Molecular Re Complex on MOF-derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon for CO2 Electroreduction in Water/Ionic Liquid Electrolyte.

The development of molecular catalysts for CO2 electroreduction within electrolyzers requests their immobilization on the electrodes. While a variety of methods have been explored for the heterogenization of homogeneous complexes, a novel approach using a hierarchical porous carbon material, derived from a metal-organic framework, is reported as a support for the well-known molecular catalyst [Re(bpy)(CO)3 Cl] (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine). This cathodic hybrid material, named Re@HPC (HPC=hierarchical porous carbon), has been tested for CO2 electroreduction using a mixture of an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, EMIM) and water as the electrolyte. Interestingly, it catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into a mixture of carbon monoxide and formic acid, with a selectivity that depends on the applied potential. The present study thus reveals that Re@HPC is a remarkable catalyst, enjoying excellent activity (turnover numbers for CO2 reduction of 7835 after 2 h at -1.95 V vs. Fc/Fc+ with a current density of 6 mA cm-2 ) and good stability. These results emphasize the advantages of integrating molecular catalysts onto such porous carbon materials for developing novel, stable and efficient, catalysts for CO2 reduction.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related ocular myositis.

We present extensive clinical, serological, morphological and muscle imaging data of a 66-year-old man with isolated bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia secondary to Immune checkpoint inhibitors (Pembrolizumab). He had elevated CK level (>5000 UI/L). No facial, bulbar, proximal, distal or axial muscular weakness was observed. Electromyography (EMG) showed myopathic pattern, with spontaneous activity. Myositis specific antibodies and anti-striational antibodies were negative. Cardiac and respiratory functions were preserved. Skeletal muscle MRI was unremarkable, whereas extraocular muscles revealed bilateral hyperintensities in inferior rectus, medial rectus and superior oblique muscles in both T1 and STIR sequences, with mild muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsy showed endomysial inflammatory infiltrates, MHC-1 expression was observed in clusters of non-necrotic cells. CD56 positive cells were observed in perifascicular regions. Patient discontinued Pembrolizumab and received corticosteroid treatment with progressive clinical improvement and CK normalization. Our findings support this clinical entity, suggesting that isolated ocular myositis represents a subgroup of generalised myositis with predominant ocular symptoms.

Recurrent MALT lymphoma presenting as renal calyceal-pelvic rupture. What is the cause of this break?

Urinary collecting system rupture is an uncommon condition that usually occurs with symptoms of acute abdomen, secondary to peritoneal irritation by urine leaking. We report a case of a 49-year-old man admitted to our emergency department because of a worsening deep lower abdominal pain started 3 days before. The abdominal computed tomography revealed urine extravasation suggesting for urinoma. Because of patient pathological history of lymphoma, despite its apparent state of remission, he underwent a positron emission tomography - computed tomography with 18[F]-FDG and magnetic resonance in order to rule out a recurrence. Imaging supported the diagnostic hypothesis of a lymphatic recurrence that had compressed "ab-extrinseco" the urinary tract so much to break it. Based on our experience we can suggest that nontraumatic calyceal-pelvic rupture is an extremely rare manifestation of an onset of lymphoma.

Vínculos familiares disfuncionales asociado al riesgo suicida en la adolescencia / Dysfunctional family links associated with suicide risk in adolescence

El adolescente atraviesa un complejo proceso en cuyo telón de fondo está el tipo de apego vivido con sus cuidadores primarios. Numerosas investigaciones de distintas líneas teóricas, demostraron que aumenta los riesgos y la vulnerabilidad a los comportamientos suicidas de los adolescentes cuando provienen de familias disfuncionales o violentas; ya sea violencia en el plano sincrónico o diacrónico. En base a una muestra de 248 adolescentes, 135 presentaron riesgo suicida, y se concluyó que el 77,77% provienen de familias disfuncionales y de ellas, el 60% provienen de familias violentas. Ante las heridas narcisísticas que debe enfrentar el adolescente, si no cuenta con la contención y sostén familiar o social, el riesgo es el pasaje al acto. En ese sentido, la autoagresión se vuelve una defensa ante sentimientos dolorosos e intolerables(AU)

The teenager goes through a complex process whose background is the type of attachment they had with their primary caregivers. Many investigations of different theoretical lines, showed that dysfunctional or violent families increases the risks and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors of teenager; violence in the either synchronic or diachronic plane. Based on a sample of 248 teenagers, 135 presented suicidal risk, and it was concluded that 77,77% come from dysfunctional families and 60% of them come from violent families. Because of the narcissistic wounds that the teenager must face, if he does not have the family or social support, the risk is the passage to the act. In that sense, self-aggression becomes a defense against painful and intolerable feelings(AU)

Indicadores de riesgo de conducta suicida en una muestra de adolescentes / Suicidal behavior risk indicators in a sample of adolescents

Este estudio tiene por objetivo buscar los indicadores de riesgo suicida a través del Test de Pirámides de Colores de Pfister, dado que es una técnica proyectiva de fácil aplicación, accesible a cualquier edad y generalmente una tarea agradable, que la hacen adecuada para estos pacientes. El estudio se basa en una muestra de 90 adolescentes del Hospital de Niños de San Juan (Argentina), ingresados por "intento de suicidio", cuyas edades van de 12 a 17 años, a quienes se les aplicó el test. Se toman datos relevantes de la entrevista individual y correlacionan con los resultados del análisis e interpretación del material obtenido. Para el análisis de datos se consideró la frecuencia de los colores utilizados y el aspecto formal de las pirámides. Los resultados fueron interpretados de acuerdo con el enfoque psicodinámico. Se pudo concluir que los evaluados presentan frágiles mecanismos de control junto a un lábil equilibrio emocional e impulsividad exacerbada, en unos y una sobrecarga de ansiedad, en otros; por lo que en todos se halla comprometida la estabilidad afectiva y la adaptación social.(AU)

The aim of this study is to find risk indicators of suicide by means of the Pfister Color Pyramid Test, since it is a projective technique of easy application, accessible to any age and generally a pleasant task, which makes it suitable for adolescent patients. The study is based on a sample of 90 adolescents in the Childrens Hospital of San Juan (Argentina), admitted for "attempted suicide", whose ages range from 12 to 17 years old, to whom the test was applied. Relevant data is obtained from the individual interview and correlated with the results of the analysis and interpretation of the material obtained. For the data analysis, the frequency of colors used as well as the formal aspect of the pyramids was considered. The results were interpreted according to the psychodynamic approach. It was concluded that some of the assessed patients present fragile mechanisms of control as well as labile emotional balance and exacerbated impulsiveness, and that others present an overload of anxiety. Therefore affective stability and social adaptation are altered in all.(AU)

Indicadores de riesgo de conducta suicida en una muestra de adolescentes / Suicidal behavior risk indicators in a sample of adolescents

Este estudio tiene por objetivo buscar los indicadores de riesgo suicida a través del Test de Pirámides de Colores de Pfister, dado que es una técnica proyectiva de fácil aplicación, accesible a cualquier edad y generalmente una tarea agradable, que la hacen adecuada para estos pacientes. El estudio se basa en una muestra de 90 adolescentes del Hospital de Niños de San Juan (Argentina), ingresados por "intento de suicidio", cuyas edades van de 12 a 17 años, a quienes se les aplicó el test. Se toman datos relevantes de la entrevista individual y correlacionan con los resultados del análisis e interpretación del material obtenido. Para el análisis de datos se consideró la frecuencia de los colores utilizados y el aspecto formal de las pirámides. Los resultados fueron interpretados de acuerdo con el enfoque psicodinámico. Se pudo concluir que los evaluados presentan frágiles mecanismos de control junto a un lábil equilibrio emocional e impulsividad exacerbada, en unos y una sobrecarga de ansiedad, en otros; por lo que en todos se halla comprometida la estabilidad afectiva y la adaptación social.

The aim of this study is to find risk indicators of suicide by means of the Pfister Color Pyramid Test, since it is a projective technique of easy application, accessible to any age and generally a pleasant task, which makes it suitable for adolescent patients. The study is based on a sample of 90 adolescents in the Children's Hospital of San Juan (Argentina), admitted for "attempted suicide", whose ages range from 12 to 17 years old, to whom the test was applied. Relevant data is obtained from the individual interview and correlated with the results of the analysis and interpretation of the material obtained. For the data analysis, the frequency of colors used as well as the formal aspect of the pyramids was considered. The results were interpreted according to the psychodynamic approach. It was concluded that some of the assessed patients present fragile mechanisms of control as well as labile emotional balance and exacerbated impulsiveness, and that others present an overload of anxiety. Therefore affective stability and social adaptation are altered in all.

Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms and white matter vascular lesions in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an Italian multicenter study.

Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms do not deteriorate with the increase of white matter vascular lesion in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects [1], although white matter is impaired along Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we tested whether this is true even in AD subjects. Closed-eye resting state EEG data were recorded in 40 healthy elderly (Nold), 96 amnesic MCI, and 83 AD subjects. White matter vascular lesions were indexed by magnetic resonance imaging recorded in the MCI and AD subjects (about 42% of cases following ADNI standards). The MCI subjects were divided into two sub-groups based on the median of the white matter lesion, namely MCI+ (people with highest vascular load; n = 48) and MCI- (people with lowest vascular load; n = 48). The same was true for the AD subjects (AD+, n = 42; AD-, n = 41). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz), beta2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz). LORETA software estimated cortical EEG sources. When compared to Nold group, MCI and AD groups showed well known abnormalities of delta and alpha sources. Furthermore, amplitude of occipital, temporal, and limbic alpha 1 sources were higher in MCI+ than MCI- group. As a novelty, amplitude of occipital delta sources was lower in AD+ than AD- group. Furthermore, central, parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic alpha sources were higher in amplitude in AD+ than AD- group. Amplitude of these sources was correlated to global cognitive status (i.e., Mini Mental State Evaluation score). These results suggest that in amnesic MCI and AD subjects, resting state posterior delta and alpha EEG rhythms do not deteriorate with the increase of white-matter vascular lesion. These rhythms might be more sensitive to AD neurodegenerative processes and cognitive status rather than to concomitant lesions to white matter.

Intracranial hypotension and PRES: case report.

We report a case of a woman presenting, 7 days after epidural analgesia for a caesarean section, to the emergency room for a worsening of the headache and tonico-clonic seizures. MRI showed alterations suggestive of the presence of intracranial hypotension (IH) as well as evidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). She was treated with a blood patch which leads to the prompt regression of the clinical symptoms and follow-up MRI, after 15 days, showed complete resolution of radiological alterations. The possible pathogenetic relationship between IH, secondary to the inadvertent dural puncture, and PRES is discussed. We suggest that venous stagnation and hydrostatic edema, secondary to intracranial hypotension, probably played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PRES.